![]() Shallow exposure times in the 1.3 to 1.4 ATA range are mainly to avoid lung oxygen toxicity.Because open-circuit scuba diving would not expose divers to this level continuously, it should be at least as safe as the Navy limit for continuous exposures. The Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) has proposed a limit of 1.4 ATA for open-circuit nitrox scuba diving. ![]() The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recommends a more conservative 180 minutes at 1.3 ATA for normal exposures and 240 minutes only for exceptional exposures.Very long exposures, however, may put the diver at risk for some lung toxicity symptoms. Navy uses 1.3 ATA as the maximum limit in its closed-circuit rebreathers. To lower your risk of CNS oxygen toxicity, consider the following recommendations. The safest practice is to pay attention to the partial pressure and the amount of exposure time. Loud ringing or roaring in the ears (tinnitus).The following sections are about CNS oxygen toxicity. It can occur during diving, and when it does, it can put a diver at serious risk. Oxygen toxicity of the brain, commonly referred to as central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity, is more serious. The most common cause of lung oxygen toxicity is very long recompression treatments. Oxygen toxicity in the lungs (pulmonary oxygen toxicity) is like a bad case of the flu, but it will rarely cause permanent damage. As the partial pressure gets higher, the recommended exposure time gets shorter. Exposure limits are given as partial pressure over time. The tissue-protective mechanisms and biochemical reactions of our bodies are tuned to life in an atmosphere containing 21 percent oxygen, or 0.21 atmospheres absolute (ATA) oxygen partial pressure. Oxygen toxicity happens when our body’s protective systems are affected by increases in oxygen partial pressure.
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